Philippine scientists and an Australian researcher have discovered a new species of pitcher plant, Nepenthes megastoma, on Palawan Island. Found only in three cliffside locations within the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, the plant is already critically endangered. Climate change, extreme weather, and poaching threaten its survival.
The carnivorous vine traps insects in cup-shaped pitchers. Its name, megastoma (Greek for “large mouth”), reflects its unique structure. Researchers first spotted it in 2013 but mistook it for a related Bornean species. Detailed drone surveys and fieldwork confirmed it as a new Philippine species in 2025.
N. megastoma thrives in harsh, rocky karst terrain. It features upward-pointing female flowers for vertical pollination and a fuzzy coating that collects rainwater. Its pitcher shape changes with seasons—flared in one season, narrow in another. These traits may help it retain water.
But the plant’s survival is precarious. Scientists count only 19 mature clumps and 12 non-flowering plants. Typhoons, droughts, and illegal harvesting push the species toward extinction. Poachers sell it in Metro Manila. Deforestation nearby also harms its habitat.
“This plant evolved to survive in difficult conditions,” said lead researcher John Charles Altomonte of Ateneo de Manila University. “Yet human activity and climate change now threaten it directly and indirectly.” The species is classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN, with fewer than 50 mature specimens.
The discovery highlights the fragility of Philippine biodiversity. Despite adaptations to survive on cliffs, N. megastoma faces rising threats. Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity. Poaching adds urgency to conservation efforts.
The study by Altomonte and others was published in Phytotaxa. Researchers warn that without action, the plant’s population will decline further. Protection of its habitat and stricter enforcement against poaching are critical.
To learn more from this research contact John Charles Altomonte at jaltomonte@ateneo.edu.
Climate Change Endangers Newly Discovered Pitcher Plant Endangered
