Groundwater, a vital resource for the Philippines, is facing a serious threat. Over-extraction and contamination are causing a crisis. This is especially true in agriculture, where groundwater is crucial for irrigation. The problem is worsened by the country’s unique wet and dry seasons.
Runoff from farmlands carries harmful chemicals into the groundwater. This endangers both the environment and public health. Monitoring water quality is difficult. Data is patchy, and nationwide assessments are inconsistent.
A recent study by researchers at the University of the Philippines Diliman sheds light on the issue. The research focused on how groundwater quality changes based on land use (agricultural or forested) and the season.
The findings are concerning. Agricultural land leads to warmer, chemically richer, but poorer quality groundwater. Farming activities increase contamination. Forested areas provide cooler, cleaner water. However, steep slopes can affect organic matter levels.
Rainfall in the wet season cools groundwater and improves oxygen levels. It also raises pH. The dry season brings warmer temperatures and lower water levels. This leads to more concentrated dissolved ions and poorer water quality.
Interestingly, land use and season affect groundwater independently, not in combination. However, both are crucial to understanding the situation. The presence of dissolved organic compounds suggests human activity, but was also found in forested areas indicating wider environmental disturbance.
Researchers warn that groundwater quality is declining. Population growth, economic development, and climate change all contribute to the pressure on this resource. Without a comprehensive approach to management and monitoring, the risks to public health and biodiversity will increase.
This research is part of the Philippine Groundwater Health Index (PGHI) Project. Funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the project aims to develop policies to protect groundwater. Researchers collected water samples from wells and springs in five provinces.
The study’s message is clear: clean groundwater is essential for the Philippines’ future. Understanding what affects groundwater quality is crucial. Taking action to protect this resource will ensure future generations have access to clean water.
